A bi-directional current source for a grounded load will always have some complication in its construction. The improved Howland Current Pump as shown in Figure 1 is the most frequent choice for this ...

Startup surges can damage power systems. These inrush current limiters help control spikes, protect equipment, & save energy ...

Have you ever needed to power a 12-volt relay in a circuit but only had 6 or 9 volts available? This simple circuit will solve that problem. It allows 12-volt relays to be operated from 6 or 9 volts, ...

The course is focused on current-mode control techniques, which are very frequently applied in practical realizations of switched-mode. Upon completion of the course, you will be able to understand, ...

Per 2014 NEC Article 100, short circuit current rating (SCCR) is defined as: “The prospective symmetrical fault current at a nominal voltage to which an apparatus or system is able to be connected ...

How does the NEC control your signaling and control wiring requirements? Today's industrial facilities use a host of control circuits for motor control, instrumentation signals, and plant shutdown ...

A new type of device provides designers of automated installations for North America with performance, cost, and safety benefits. Industrial machinery and equipment system designs typically rely on ...