The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. Imagine a town with two widget merchants. Customers prefer cheaper widgets, so the merchants must compete to set the lowest price.

At the core of reinforcement learning is the concept that the optimal behavior or action is reinforced by a positive reward. Similar to toddlers learning how to walk who adjust actions based on the ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. I write about fitness, health and wearable tech Algorithms have taken on an almost mythical significance in the modern world. They ...

The Lamport algorithm for generating and applying one-time passwords (OTPs) is a simple solution that provides great value in the right context. Not only can the Lamport OTP scheme provide effective ...

Tyler Lacoma has spent more than 10 years testing tech and studying the latest web tool to help keep readers current. He's here for you when you need a how-to guide, explainer, review, or list of the ...